Sure you could leave the bud on a branch with a couple small leaves, cut that branch, stick it in a cloner with 24/0, 20/4, or 18/6 light cycle, and revert it back to veg while also growing yourself a clone, but there are tons of things that could go wrong doing it this way for the inexperienced grower and even many things that could go wrong for an experienced grower. I suggest sticking to tried and true methods and do exactly like Vilify said. If you're done harvesting (hopefully you kept some leaves on it!) switch the lights to a veg cycle, let the plant veg until it has some new growth big enough to be cloned, and take that. On the plus side, as soon as you do take your clones from the reveged plant, give it a few days to make sure your plant wasn't harmed to much and is continuing to grow, and then switch it to flower while your clones are in veg. Now go back and forth between the two harvesting when the plants are ready. Congrats, you just increased your yield, doubled your total amount of harvest opportunities, and cut down wait time in half.
Hope this helps!