1809 Robert Fulton patents the steamboat
1765, Little Britain Township, PA
1815, New York, NY
Fulton painted Benjamin Franklin's portrait and had two works accepted by the Royal Academy in London.
Robert Fulton, a savvy artist-turned-technologist, took steamboat inventions and innovated them into the first viable commercial steamboat service.
Portrait Painter
Although Robert Fulton did not invent the steamboat, as is commonly believed, he was instrumental in making steamboat travel a reality. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1765. As a young man, he set out to make his name as a portrait painter. His career would take him to Europe -- and into the orbit of people with the power to back him politically and financially.
New Career
Fulton ventured into London society after he painted Benjamin Franklin's portrait. While abroad, Fulton left the arts for a career in canal and shipbuilding. He was interested in the recently-invented steam engine, and thought it could be used to power ships. Fulton's vision was not original; many others had entered the field, and the unfortunate inventor John Fitch had built a working steamship already. But like Henry Ford, Fulton's genius lay not in invention but in adaptation for the marketplace.
Submarine
Fulton was not focused entirely on the steamboat. In 1804, he tested the first successful submarine, which he had built for the British Navy. His invention would make him a celebrity upon his return to the United States two years later. Fulton's partner, Robert Livingstone, who had negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from France, obtained an exclusive license for steamboat services on New York's Hudson River. It was time for Fulton to deliver.
Steamboat Service
To build an efficient, reliable steamboat, Fulton used a special English steam engine. The ship's bottom was flat and its stern was square. Clermont made its debut on August 17, 1807, steaming upriver from New York to Albany, and it soon entered into commercial service. The hilly terrain of New York made water travel faster than land travel, and Fulton's boat -- formerly known as "Fulton's Folly" -- was a hit. Within five years, Fulton would be running services on six major rivers plus the Chesapeake Bay, and raking in the profits.
Instrumental Transport
Fulton's innovation left quite a legacy. Steamboat travel was instrumental to the industrial revolution in America, helping manufacturers transport raw materials and finished goods quickly. It also opened up the American continent to exploration, settlement, and exploitation. Fulton died of pneumonia in February 1815, having created the service that carried Americans into a prosperous future.
Places named for Fulton
Many places in the U.S. are named for Robert Fulton, including:
Counties
- Fulton County, Illinois
- Fulton County, Indiana
- Fulton County, Kentucky
- Fulton County, New York
- Fulton County, Ohio
- Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Cities and towns
- Fulton, New York (disambiguation)
- Fulton, Arkansas
- Fulton, Mississippi
- Fulton, Illinois
- Fulton, Missouri[17]
- Fulton, Oswego County, New York
- Fulton, Schoharie County, New York
- Fulton Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
- Fultonham, Ohio
- Fultonville, New York
- Fulton, Texas
Other places
- Fulton Avenue in Sacramento, California
- Fulton Street in Berkeley, California
- Fulton Chain Lakes, New York
- Fulton Elementary School, Dubuque, Iowa
- Fulton Elementary School, Fulton Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania[18]
- Fulton Hall, State Quad, University at Albany, (State University of New York at Albany)
- Fulton Neighborhood in Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Fulton Opera House, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
- Fulton Park, New York City
- Fulton Steamboat Inn, hotel in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
- Fulton Street in Brooklyn, New York
- BMT Fulton Street Line subway line
- IND Fulton Street Line subway line
- Fulton Street (IND Crosstown Line)
- Fulton Street in Manhattan
- Fulton Center in Manhattan
- Fulton Fish Market
- Fulton Street (New York City Subway)subway station
- Fulton Houses in Manhattan
- Fulton Street in Alcoa, Tennessee
- Fulton Street in Anaheim, California
- Fulton Street in Massapequa Park, New York
- Fulton Street in New Orleans, Louisiana
- Fulton Street in San Francisco, California
- Fulton-Randolph Market District
- Robert Fulton Drive in Columbia, Howard County, Maryland
- Robert Fulton Drive in Reston, Virginia
- Robert Fulton Fire Company, Fulton Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
- Robert Fulton Highway, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
- Robert Fulton School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The United States Patent Office has stated that while the Index of Patents says that on February 9, 1811, a patent was issued to Robert Fulton, the office is unable to furnish a copy of it, as the records of this and other early patents were destroyed in the Patent Office fire of 1836. It is well established, however, that Fulton's first United States patent was obtained February 11, 1809, and a supplementary patent February 9, 1811.
Bonus material.
Not on this day.
Created as a replacement for a prior Disney character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit,
Mickey first appeared in the short Plane Crazy, debuting publicly in the short film
Steamboat Willie (192
, one of the first sound cartoons.