My girlfriend is a medical research scientist that specializes in animal work in labs. She is the biggest animal lover you'll ever meet. That really goes for all of the folks in her lab.
I am very for medical testing. And I'm not just saying this because it is my girlfriend's profession. Humans, plants, and animals benefit greatly from medical research and testing.
Yes, many animals are sacrificed for studies, but it benefits billions of lives around the world. And instead of crapping on the animals that have given their lives to make ours better, you should be more appreciative.
All modern veterinary and human medicine were developed in labs studying these animals. This also includes surgery techniques, animal handling, animal behavior, drug development, medical therapeutics, etc. Medical labs are still developing new techniques and therapies to counter all the disease and illnesses that plague our planet. Have you ever taken some Tylenol? What about any cold medicine? Do you have any vaccinations? Do you know anyone that has been diagnosed with an illness or disease?
All that was discovered and developed because of lab animals. The entire field of biology and medicine is as advanced as it is due to animal testing.
And as more strains of diseases, bacteria, and viruses become more resistant to existing therapeutics, new medicinal techniques and cures need to be developed in continuous parallel.
Regarding the animals, they are treated like gold. All lab animal use in the US are regulated by government organizations and regulation. Every single lab must go through routine inspections by a number of designated government organizations. Care and use is very strict. Any breech of any protocol and you can risk your career and the quality of results in studies.
Every single procedure and study done in labs in the US must pass a screening by various committees and veterinarians before starting. All labs must have a vet to see to their animals when needed and certain labs have their own vets within their companies to manage the animals on a daily basis.
Also, lab animals cost a lot of money. Some mice can cost over $100 each. There are research hamsters that sell for $400 each. Some models are even thousands of dollars. Labs are also a business and they're not going to throw away their money to purposely mistreat and waste the animals. No one wants to waste their lives.
Why labs need to use lab animals?
They're not just any random animal that you see in pet stores, in shelters, or from breeders. These are specifically bred for laboratory use. Some strains and stock date back over 100 years.
Certain animals are genetically modified to mimic certain diseases. And other animals are selectively bred to have the same phenotype as diseases. For example, there are lines that are strictly used for heart disease because they are hypertensive. Or there are lines that are used for diabetic and obesity studies because the animals are indeed born to be diabetic and obese.
For the people who say test on prisoners and the like.
Well, these animals are very close in terms of genetics. They were all bred to be identical. That means there is less variation in results. Unfortunately, humans are not very closely related. We are a very variable species in terms of body function and body chemistry. It makes it difficult to target specific things and find causes when everyone is so different. It's easier to target illnesses and diseases when the factors that make individuals different is taken away. When enough research is done to understand a medical issue and find a cause/cure in animals, it is moved through a number of species (i.e. guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, primates, etc) before it reaches humans.
And computers can not always be used in certain situations. Simulations are only based on what is known. A computer cannot figure things out if you know nothing. Not to mention what may work in In Vitro (test tube and computer) assays may not work in a living breathing biological model.
Anyway. Regarding dobermans being used in labs. They won't use dobermans for pre-clinical research and development. Only beagles are the model of choice due to historical use, size, and specific breeding. These lines of beagles are bred for research use for the same reasons lab animals are bred(eliminating genetic variation and desiring uniformity). But with that said, they are treated really well. Staff take them for walks and play with them daily. They get social run time with their kennel mates. They are housed in small groups so they are never alone. If the study is a survival procedure(aka no necropsy needed for tissue sampling, etc), they are often adopted out as pets. We have several scientist friends who adopted the dogs they worked with.
Dobermans and any breed really are used for clinical trials at vet schools for new medical procedures and therapeutics.