It's really a process of elimination and experimentation. If you can't shorten the ducting run, or smooth it out, and if you can't try venting inside to an adjacent room to lower the negative pressure in your house and imprive your central air's efficiency, then you are left with trying to pump more cold air in via a second fan, more passive intakes, or additional A/C (window a/c, in room a/c). If that doesn't work, then you need to start removing heat sources by scaling back (dim lights, less lights, etc.). There's no magic bullet for this one.
You could also leave the door open during the hottest parts of the day, and close it at night.
Note: If you start looking at a/c units, you then need to start looking at split units, dual hose units, window units, or single hose units, etc. I would stay away from single hose units, they will create new problems because of the way they work. Dual hose, split and window a/c units keep the conditioned air separate from the radiator air used to cool the coil. Single hose ac units work like an exhaust and will suck smell air from the room across the coil and out of the room letting everyone know what you are doing.