When you excise the meristematic dome you're working with a cluster of undifferentiated cells about 0.25mm in size. It's maybe a few hundred cells at most.
Cannabis is totipotent which means, theoretically, a single cell can grow into an identical replica of the plant it was sourced from.
Let's stop for a second to talk about somaclonal variation and mutagenesis. If you have a cutting, you have a plantet with most of its organs intact. Leaves and leaves, stems are stems, etc. 100s of thousands of differentiated cells make up that plantlet. The chance that something significant occurs and caused a genetic mutation that affects the genotype of that plant is small. Very small.
Now let's re-visit that small cluster of meristem cells. They aren't organs yet. They are a blob of stem cells waiting to be told what to do through hormone signaling pathways. If something goes wrong and mutated in that teeny cluster of cells, when they differentiate the possibility of an altered genotype expression through chromosomal rearrangement is a possibility. This is called somaclonal variation and that new plant is no longer true to type. In lay terms it means it IS NOT and identical clone anymore. This could be bad, it could be good but if the goal is the reset the epigenetic clock and remain true to type then it is bad. Fingerprint in, fingerprint out. That is how you know you've avoided it.
Finally, there is another way to reset the clock. You can take differentiated cells, like a leaf segment or a cotyedon, and undifferentiate it back into a cluster of cells called callus. Calli can be used for long storage and if you're R&D is on point you can re-differentiate callus back into an organ.
I have attached a picture of Wedding Crasher leaf segments that I turned into callus and then signaled it to start growing into shoots again. This was very difficult to do. It's easier to get callus to grow roots than it is to grow shoots.
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