The model you're speaking of has existed all over the world (to an extent--some cultures have been more responsible and less selfish than others, but irresponsibility and selfishness have certainly existed in all cultures everywhere to some extent). The move from subsistence agriculture, vast increases in human population, and the concentration of that population onto fixed land areas permanently eroded and destroyed that model.
There wasn't much of a pollution problem when people were busy hunting animals and gathering fruit, we can agree on that! People aren't content with that today. They want houses, they want cars, they want technology, and they don't know or care about where any of those things come from or the negative impacts they might cause on the environment or other people. You don't like my car spewing pollution? Fuck you, I need to get around! I assure you people in the past would have been just as selfish and irresponsible if they had access to the same lifestyle. That they didn't makes the comparison totally unfair.