If you were out in the country and it was a back door that couldn't bee seen from the road, you might get away without a permit, but I can tell you from experience, stairs and ramps are major concerns with code officers, because people get hurt if they aren't right.
As soon as the code guy drives by and sees it, he will be knocking on your door. Might be a day, might be a month, but he will be knocking.
I would leave them an anonymous message right now, and then they (code) can be the bad guy, and you can say "told you so".
I'm amazed this guy would even try to do this w/o a permit...That alone tells me he is incompetent.
Sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but I am only trying to save you grief and money. (and doors aren't cheap....Probably won't cost much more to do it right, without changing the door. )