UV/UVB lights for THC maximazaiton
- Thread starter snap1234
- Start date
Gastanker
Well-Known Member
I spun my plants so that they got even coverage and those bulbs don't get hot enough to damage the plant so I let them get as close as they wanted. If you don't have the extensive side lighting I would suggest one of these - http://www.reptileuv.com/megaray-sb-160-watt-self-ballasted-flood-zoo-lamp.php
snap1234
Active Member
What watt size do you use?
Gastanker
Well-Known Member
I was pulling an oz a week from 388w of CFL. This link might help - https://www.rollitup.org/cfl-growing/165396-first-cfl-grow-help-appreciated.htmlman! amazing
i'm using 4 CFL lamps (each one being 120 W which is the equivalent of 625W on a regular lamp) and 2 LED (each 4 W) how many of these light would you recommend?
thanks
Cannabisworks
Active Member
most of us loose the uv by using tempered glass in our hoods. so we are seeing things. hps has uv in it anyways. uv also causes more burnt leaves from what ive seen. as it does to our skin as a human
Ace Spoddity
Member
Here is some info on the light. keep in mind the info is pre-1981 but whatever.
Clarke's Marijuana Botany . Chapter 4 contains his early observations on the effect of ultraviolet light upon the conversion of CBD to THC. It is a little dated, having been published nearly three decades ago; nevertheless, it gives us a tiny glimpse into what was known back then (pre-1980/81) concerning the role of uv light in the biosynthesis of THC.
It is interesting to note that Clarke does not specifically refer to UVB, in MB, as the most important UV element or band in the THC conversion process. However, on page 10 of Hemp Pests and Diseases, he explicitly states that "under conditions of high UV-B exposure, Cannabis produces more THC." The 1987 article by Lydon is cited as the authority on that; entitled 'UV-B radiation effects on photoynthesis, growth and cannabinoid production of two Cannabis sativa chemotypes;' which was published in Photochemistry and Photobiology 46(2): 201-206.
Excerpt(s) from Cannabinoid Biosynthesis
Conversion of CBD acid to THC acid is the single most important reaction with respect to psychoactivity in the entire pathway and the one about which we know the most. Personal communication with Raphael Mechoulam has centered around the role of ultraviolet light in the biosynthesis of THC acids and minor cannabinoids. In the laboratory, Mechoulam has converted CBD acid to THC acids by exposing a solution of CBD acid in n-hexane to ultraviolet light of 235-285 nm, for up to 48 hours. This reaction uses atmospheric oxygen molecules (02) and is irreversible; however, the yield of the conversion is only about 15% THC acid, and some of the products formed in the laboratory experiment do not occur in living specimens.
Four types of isomers or slight variations of THC acids (THCA) exist. Both Delta1-THCA and Delta6-THCA are naturally occurring isomers of THCA resulting from the positions of the double bond on carbon 1 or carbon 6 of the geraniol portion of the molecule They have approximately the same psychoactive effect; however, Delta1-THC acid is about four times more prevalent than Delta6-THC acid in most strains. Also Alpha and Beta forms of Delta1-THC acid and Delta6-THC acid exist as a result of the juxtaposition of the hydrogen (H) and the carboxyl (COOH) groups on the olivetolic acid portion of the molecule It is suspected that the psycho-activity of the a and ~ forms of the THC acid molecules probably does not vary, but this has not been proven.
Subtle differences in psychoactivity not detected in animals by laboratory instruments, but often discussed by marijuana aficionados, could be attributed to additional synergistic effects of the four isomers of THC acid. Total psychoactivity is attributed to the ratios of the primary cannabinoids of CBC, CBD, THC and CBN; the ratios of methyl, propyl, and pentyl homologs of these cannabinoids; and the isomeric variations of each of these cannabinoids. Myriad subtle combinations are sure to exist. Also, terpenoid and other aromatic compounds might suppress or potentiate the effects of THCs.
Environmental conditions influence cannabinoid bio-synthesis by modifying enzymatic systems and the resultant potency of Cannabis. High altitude environments are often more arid and exposed to more intense sunlight than lower environments. Recent studies by Mobarak et al. (197
of Cannabis grown in Afghanistan at 1,300 meters (4,350 feet) elevation show that significantly more propyl cannabinoids are formed than the respective pentyl homologs. Other strains from this area of Asia have also exhibited the presence of propyl cannabinoids, but it cannot be discounted that altitude might influence which path of cannabinoid biosynthesis is favored.
Aridity favors resin production and total cannabinoid production; however, it is unknown whether arid conditions promote THC production specifically. It is suspected that increased ultraviolet radiation might affect cannabinoid production directly. Ultraviolet light participates in the biosynthesis of THC acids from CBD acids, the conversion of CBC acids to CCY acids, and the conversion of CBD acids to CBS acids. However, it is unknown whether increased ultraviolet light might shift cannabinoid synthesis from pentyl to propyl pathways or influence the production of THC acid or CBC acid instead of CBD acid.
The ratio of THC to CBD has been used in chemotype determination by Small and others. The genetically determined inability of certain strains to convert CBD acid to THC acid makes them a member of a fiber chemotype, but if a strain has the genetically determined ability to convert CBD acid to THC acid then it is considered a drug strain. It is also interesting to note that Turner and Hadley (1973) discovered an African strain with a very high THC level and no CBD although there are fair amounts of CBC acid present in the strain. Turner* states that he has seen several strains totally devoid of CBD, but he has never seen a strain totally devoid of THC.
Also, many early authors confused CBC with CBD in analyzed samples because of the proximity of their peaks on gas liquid chromatograph (GLC) results. If the biosynthetic pathway needs alteration to include an enzymatically controlled system involving the direct conversion of hydroxy-CBG acid to THC acid through allylic rearrangement of hydroxy-CBG acid and cyclization of the rearranged intermediate to THC acid, as Turner and Hadley (1973) suggest, then CBD acid would be bypassed in the cycle and its absence explained.
Another possibility is that, since CBC acid is formed from the same symmetric intermediate that is allylically rearranged before forming CBD acid, CBC acid may be the accumulated intermediate, the reaction may be reversed, and through the symmetric intermediate and the usual allylic rearrangement CBD acid would be formed but directly converted to THC acid by a similar enzyme system to that which reversed the formation of CBC acid. If this happened fast enough no CBD acid would be detected. It is more likely, however, that CBDA in drug strains is converted directly to THCA as soon as it is formed and no CBD builds up.
Also Turner, Hemphill, and Mahlberg (197 found that CBC acid was contained in the tissues of Cannabis but not in the resin secreted by the glandular trichomes. In any event, these possible deviations from the accepted biosynthetic pathway provide food for thought when trying to decipher the mysteries of Cannabis strains and varieties of psychoactive effect.
Returning to the more orthodox version of the cannabinoid biosynthesis, the role of ultraviolet light should be reemphasized. It seems apparent that ultraviolet light, normally supplied in abundance by sunlight, takes part in the conversion of CBD acid to THC acids. Therefore, the lack of ultraviolet light in indoor growing situations could account for the limited psychoactivity of Cannabis grown under artificial lights.
Light energy has been collected and utilized by the plant in a long series of reactions resulting in the formation of THC acids. Farther along the pathway begins the formation of degradation products not metabolically produced by the living plant. These cannabinoid acids are formed through the progressive degradation of THC acids to CBN acid (cannabinolic acid) and other cannabinoid acids. The degradation is accomplished primarily by heat and light and is not enzymatically controlled by the plant.
CBN is also suspected of synergistic modification of the psychoactivity of the primary cannabinoids, THCs. The cannabinoid balance between CBC, CBD, THC, and CBN is determined by genetics and maturation. THC production is an ongoing process as long as the glandular trichome remains active. Variations in the level of THC in the same trichome as it matures are the result of THC acid being broken down to CBN acid while CBD acid is being converted to THC acid. If the rate of THC biosynthesis exceeds the rate of THC breakdown, the THC level in the trichome rises; if the breakdown rate is faster than the rate of biosynthesis, the THC level drops.
Clear or slightly amber transparent resin is a sign that the glandular trichome is still active. As soon as resin secretion begins to slow, the resins will usually polymerize and harden. During the late floral stages the resin tends to darken to a transparent amber color. If it begins to deteriorate, it first turns translucent and then opaque brown or white. Near-freezing temperatures during maturation will often result in opaque white resins. During active secretion, THC acids are constantly being formed from CBD acid and breaking down into CBN acid.[END OF EXCERPT] __________________
If you ever lose your keys in a river of molten lava let em go, cuz man they're gone
by Jack Handey
Here is what the bulbs look like to plants
SINGLE ENDED - E39 MOGUL BASE SCREW ( * - Pulse Start Ballast Required!)
- Burn position: Universal 360º (1000W = H±60º) Watts
(W) USHIO
Ordering
Code USHIO
Lamp
Description Lamp
Current
(A) Dia
(in) MOL
(in) Arc
Gap
(mm) CRI PAR
Value
/Watt Lum.
Flux
(lm) Life
(h) Ballast 175 5001586 UHI-S175AQ/65 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 70 52 11675 6000 M137*
/ M152 175 5000761 UHI-S175AQ/10 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 90 47 7500 6000 M137*
/ M152 175 5001591 UHI-S175AQ/14 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 70 47 7500 6000 M137*
/ M152 175 5001592 UHI-S175AQ/20+ 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 N/A 22 4300 6000 M137*
/ M152 250 5001070 UHI-S250AQ/10/CWA 3.0 1.81 8.86 - 90 54 11000 8000 M58 250 5002092 UHI-S250AQ/14/CWA 3.0 1.81 8.86 - 70 54 11000 8000 M58 250 5002093 UHI-S250AQ/20/CWA 3.0 1.81 8.86 - N/A 38 5000 8000 M58 400 5001492 UHI-S400AQ/10/CWA 3.6 1.81 10.83 - 90 95 18500 8000 M59 400 5002094 UHI-S400AQ/14/CWA 3.6 1.81 10.83 - 70 95 18500 8000 M59 400 5002095 UHI-S400AQ/20/CWA 3.6 1.81 10.83 - N/A 61 8000 8000 M59 400 5000760 UHI-S400AQ/10 4.0 1.81 10.83 40 90 95 18500 8000 M135*
/ M155 400 5001608 UHI-S400AQ/14 3.2 1.81 10.83 40 90 95 18500 6000 M135*
/ M155 400 5001607 UHI-S400AQ/20+ 3.2 1.81 10.83 40 N/A 61 8000 6000 M135*
/ M155 1000 5000910 UHI-S1000AQ/10 9.5 3.00 13.39 72 70 230 50000 3000 M83**
/M141 1000 5001493 UHI-S1000AQ/10/CWA 4.1 3.00 11.42 - 90 230 46000 3000 M47 * Pulse start ballast required! ** Need ignitor with 4kV
Hope this helps I use the 400 watter and I have it in a glass covered fixture PAR of 95/watt
Clarke's Marijuana Botany . Chapter 4 contains his early observations on the effect of ultraviolet light upon the conversion of CBD to THC. It is a little dated, having been published nearly three decades ago; nevertheless, it gives us a tiny glimpse into what was known back then (pre-1980/81) concerning the role of uv light in the biosynthesis of THC.
It is interesting to note that Clarke does not specifically refer to UVB, in MB, as the most important UV element or band in the THC conversion process. However, on page 10 of Hemp Pests and Diseases, he explicitly states that "under conditions of high UV-B exposure, Cannabis produces more THC." The 1987 article by Lydon is cited as the authority on that; entitled 'UV-B radiation effects on photoynthesis, growth and cannabinoid production of two Cannabis sativa chemotypes;' which was published in Photochemistry and Photobiology 46(2): 201-206.
Excerpt(s) from Cannabinoid Biosynthesis
Conversion of CBD acid to THC acid is the single most important reaction with respect to psychoactivity in the entire pathway and the one about which we know the most. Personal communication with Raphael Mechoulam has centered around the role of ultraviolet light in the biosynthesis of THC acids and minor cannabinoids. In the laboratory, Mechoulam has converted CBD acid to THC acids by exposing a solution of CBD acid in n-hexane to ultraviolet light of 235-285 nm, for up to 48 hours. This reaction uses atmospheric oxygen molecules (02) and is irreversible; however, the yield of the conversion is only about 15% THC acid, and some of the products formed in the laboratory experiment do not occur in living specimens.
Four types of isomers or slight variations of THC acids (THCA) exist. Both Delta1-THCA and Delta6-THCA are naturally occurring isomers of THCA resulting from the positions of the double bond on carbon 1 or carbon 6 of the geraniol portion of the molecule They have approximately the same psychoactive effect; however, Delta1-THC acid is about four times more prevalent than Delta6-THC acid in most strains. Also Alpha and Beta forms of Delta1-THC acid and Delta6-THC acid exist as a result of the juxtaposition of the hydrogen (H) and the carboxyl (COOH) groups on the olivetolic acid portion of the molecule It is suspected that the psycho-activity of the a and ~ forms of the THC acid molecules probably does not vary, but this has not been proven.
Subtle differences in psychoactivity not detected in animals by laboratory instruments, but often discussed by marijuana aficionados, could be attributed to additional synergistic effects of the four isomers of THC acid. Total psychoactivity is attributed to the ratios of the primary cannabinoids of CBC, CBD, THC and CBN; the ratios of methyl, propyl, and pentyl homologs of these cannabinoids; and the isomeric variations of each of these cannabinoids. Myriad subtle combinations are sure to exist. Also, terpenoid and other aromatic compounds might suppress or potentiate the effects of THCs.
Environmental conditions influence cannabinoid bio-synthesis by modifying enzymatic systems and the resultant potency of Cannabis. High altitude environments are often more arid and exposed to more intense sunlight than lower environments. Recent studies by Mobarak et al. (197
of Cannabis grown in Afghanistan at 1,300 meters (4,350 feet) elevation show that significantly more propyl cannabinoids are formed than the respective pentyl homologs. Other strains from this area of Asia have also exhibited the presence of propyl cannabinoids, but it cannot be discounted that altitude might influence which path of cannabinoid biosynthesis is favored.Aridity favors resin production and total cannabinoid production; however, it is unknown whether arid conditions promote THC production specifically. It is suspected that increased ultraviolet radiation might affect cannabinoid production directly. Ultraviolet light participates in the biosynthesis of THC acids from CBD acids, the conversion of CBC acids to CCY acids, and the conversion of CBD acids to CBS acids. However, it is unknown whether increased ultraviolet light might shift cannabinoid synthesis from pentyl to propyl pathways or influence the production of THC acid or CBC acid instead of CBD acid.
The ratio of THC to CBD has been used in chemotype determination by Small and others. The genetically determined inability of certain strains to convert CBD acid to THC acid makes them a member of a fiber chemotype, but if a strain has the genetically determined ability to convert CBD acid to THC acid then it is considered a drug strain. It is also interesting to note that Turner and Hadley (1973) discovered an African strain with a very high THC level and no CBD although there are fair amounts of CBC acid present in the strain. Turner* states that he has seen several strains totally devoid of CBD, but he has never seen a strain totally devoid of THC.
Also, many early authors confused CBC with CBD in analyzed samples because of the proximity of their peaks on gas liquid chromatograph (GLC) results. If the biosynthetic pathway needs alteration to include an enzymatically controlled system involving the direct conversion of hydroxy-CBG acid to THC acid through allylic rearrangement of hydroxy-CBG acid and cyclization of the rearranged intermediate to THC acid, as Turner and Hadley (1973) suggest, then CBD acid would be bypassed in the cycle and its absence explained.
Another possibility is that, since CBC acid is formed from the same symmetric intermediate that is allylically rearranged before forming CBD acid, CBC acid may be the accumulated intermediate, the reaction may be reversed, and through the symmetric intermediate and the usual allylic rearrangement CBD acid would be formed but directly converted to THC acid by a similar enzyme system to that which reversed the formation of CBC acid. If this happened fast enough no CBD acid would be detected. It is more likely, however, that CBDA in drug strains is converted directly to THCA as soon as it is formed and no CBD builds up.
Also Turner, Hemphill, and Mahlberg (197
found that CBC acid was contained in the tissues of Cannabis but not in the resin secreted by the glandular trichomes. In any event, these possible deviations from the accepted biosynthetic pathway provide food for thought when trying to decipher the mysteries of Cannabis strains and varieties of psychoactive effect.Returning to the more orthodox version of the cannabinoid biosynthesis, the role of ultraviolet light should be reemphasized. It seems apparent that ultraviolet light, normally supplied in abundance by sunlight, takes part in the conversion of CBD acid to THC acids. Therefore, the lack of ultraviolet light in indoor growing situations could account for the limited psychoactivity of Cannabis grown under artificial lights.
Light energy has been collected and utilized by the plant in a long series of reactions resulting in the formation of THC acids. Farther along the pathway begins the formation of degradation products not metabolically produced by the living plant. These cannabinoid acids are formed through the progressive degradation of THC acids to CBN acid (cannabinolic acid) and other cannabinoid acids. The degradation is accomplished primarily by heat and light and is not enzymatically controlled by the plant.
CBN is also suspected of synergistic modification of the psychoactivity of the primary cannabinoids, THCs. The cannabinoid balance between CBC, CBD, THC, and CBN is determined by genetics and maturation. THC production is an ongoing process as long as the glandular trichome remains active. Variations in the level of THC in the same trichome as it matures are the result of THC acid being broken down to CBN acid while CBD acid is being converted to THC acid. If the rate of THC biosynthesis exceeds the rate of THC breakdown, the THC level in the trichome rises; if the breakdown rate is faster than the rate of biosynthesis, the THC level drops.
Clear or slightly amber transparent resin is a sign that the glandular trichome is still active. As soon as resin secretion begins to slow, the resins will usually polymerize and harden. During the late floral stages the resin tends to darken to a transparent amber color. If it begins to deteriorate, it first turns translucent and then opaque brown or white. Near-freezing temperatures during maturation will often result in opaque white resins. During active secretion, THC acids are constantly being formed from CBD acid and breaking down into CBN acid.[END OF EXCERPT] __________________
If you ever lose your keys in a river of molten lava let em go, cuz man they're gone
by Jack Handey
Here is what the bulbs look like to plants
SINGLE ENDED - E39 MOGUL BASE SCREW ( * - Pulse Start Ballast Required!)
- Burn position: Universal 360º (1000W = H±60º) Watts
(W) USHIO
Ordering
Code USHIO
Lamp
Description Lamp
Current
(A) Dia
(in) MOL
(in) Arc
Gap
(mm) CRI PAR
Value
/Watt Lum.
Flux
(lm) Life
(h) Ballast 175 5001586 UHI-S175AQ/65 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 70 52 11675 6000 M137*
/ M152 175 5000761 UHI-S175AQ/10 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 90 47 7500 6000 M137*
/ M152 175 5001591 UHI-S175AQ/14 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 70 47 7500 6000 M137*
/ M152 175 5001592 UHI-S175AQ/20+ 1.5 1.81 8.31 16 N/A 22 4300 6000 M137*
/ M152 250 5001070 UHI-S250AQ/10/CWA 3.0 1.81 8.86 - 90 54 11000 8000 M58 250 5002092 UHI-S250AQ/14/CWA 3.0 1.81 8.86 - 70 54 11000 8000 M58 250 5002093 UHI-S250AQ/20/CWA 3.0 1.81 8.86 - N/A 38 5000 8000 M58 400 5001492 UHI-S400AQ/10/CWA 3.6 1.81 10.83 - 90 95 18500 8000 M59 400 5002094 UHI-S400AQ/14/CWA 3.6 1.81 10.83 - 70 95 18500 8000 M59 400 5002095 UHI-S400AQ/20/CWA 3.6 1.81 10.83 - N/A 61 8000 8000 M59 400 5000760 UHI-S400AQ/10 4.0 1.81 10.83 40 90 95 18500 8000 M135*
/ M155 400 5001608 UHI-S400AQ/14 3.2 1.81 10.83 40 90 95 18500 6000 M135*
/ M155 400 5001607 UHI-S400AQ/20+ 3.2 1.81 10.83 40 N/A 61 8000 6000 M135*
/ M155 1000 5000910 UHI-S1000AQ/10 9.5 3.00 13.39 72 70 230 50000 3000 M83**
/M141 1000 5001493 UHI-S1000AQ/10/CWA 4.1 3.00 11.42 - 90 230 46000 3000 M47 * Pulse start ballast required! ** Need ignitor with 4kV
Hope this helps I use the 400 watter and I have it in a glass covered fixture PAR of 95/watt
