On paper and in life are two different things. Similar although something else is A B comparisons are rarely seen. This can be for nutrients, plant count, lighting and a variety of other factors. We see nearly every machine in large commercial grows but we do not actually have data one these boards about what works or how well each thing works. Dehumidifier, or air conditioner, compared to one or two fans, location of room including the surrounding climate the geography. What I mean is sealed room vs., or compared to/with, a more open room with fans. We do not really see A, B, two room or two grow table/tent comparisons where only the one variable in question is changed/the only difference.
coreywebster said it well. Screen of green is where the canopy is flat and the horizontal shape of the plants, their branches, matches the reflector pattern or the light output more or less so the whole thing is full. Same thing with sea of green except you have more plants so that there is little or no need for a vegetative growth stage. No 24 hour or 18 hour light cycle time period, at least less. So more planting or cloning, and less veg time. With screen of green you have to weave them and I think the advantage is less plants as in for legal reasons. I do not know of any other reason. With that said, similar to what I've written about above, little or no direct comparisons exist that I know of. Without limit, meaning no law to concern myself with or interfere, I think I would do the sea of green method but I have not tried. With either one the light kind of hits the canopy (as evenly as possible) and there are no lowers (lower branches/buds known as larf sometimes) or shadows. Could be less stem or less leaf is grown I am not sure about a lot of the specifics like increasing air flow for plant density or pest pressure anything like that, changes in humidity, water consumption.