Well, harvest time came, day 85 (seed supplier says 65-70 days, so not too far outside of that).
I never was able to get a hold on the deficiencies. I finally did a crazy flush a week ago where I put through 3x the volume of the pot with plain tap water until the PPM reading came out under 200 fro the run off. That seemed to slow down the problems, and lots of new white pistils came up, but I wouldn't call it a full recovery. The other two plants that are 2 weeks behind have even worse problems than this original, but they are still flowering and have even more colas from their much bigger pots.
Here is a closeup of how the leaves look, with the flakey deposit marks.
Plant right before harvest (see all the dead leaves?) this was in a 1.5 gallon pot.
Harvest
I had 3 colas that were so fat they had a very small amount of bud rot on the inside. I removed well around those areas, saved them on a plate and dissected them after hanging the good ones. I made sure to clean all signs of rot or mold (checking with a loupe) and then baked the good surroundings at 300F for 30 minutes. Got around 3 grams from that. Sad thing is that my largest cola was affected so I didn't get to have one giant cola, but overall I'm happy with my very first grow.
All of this is from seven T8s with 2x 20watt CFLs on the side to fill shadows.