you can do it!! I recommend getting a camera that has "focus stacking" built in. You can't get a good shot of a bud and get the whole thing in focus so the camera takes a burst of shots in quick succession while simultaneously racking the focus in/out. Some shots will have the front in focus, others the middle, others the back, etc... The camera then magically combines all the shots into one with everything in focus! That, a ring light around your lens, and a cheap tripod or a clamp to hold the camera to a chair or something are all you need. You still might have to drag plants outside if you're not growing under white LEDs.
You don't need pro camera; even a recent point and shoot with a macro function can take great pictures of whole buds or plants in bright light for viewing on the web. That's because phones killed the casual market so all that is left is stuff for enthusiasts and pros.
If you really want to learn about photography, like learn more than what 99% of pro photographers know, there is this great course from the computational photography lead at Google Research (and professor emeritus at Stanford.)
https://sites.google.com/site/marclevoylectures/home