Actually no. Buffers work on the principle of chemical equilibrium. It is a principle that states that a process that is in equilibrium will react to the change of a system in a way that cancels that change. For example, if I put some salt AB in water, two chemical reactions will happen. Salt will start disolving into ions, and ions will begin agregating back into a salt form. After some time ratios of salt and its disolved ions will be constant. If I added some other salt CB, thus increasing the number of B ions, rates of our initial reaction would change so that less of the salt AB was disolved, thus preserving the total ratios of salt AB and its disolved ions.
We can use that same principle to prepare a solution of acids and salts that will react in such a way that if acid or base is added to it, system will react in a way that it will negate the change in acidity.
You can think of buffers as a chemical storage of acidity/alkalinity. If acid is put in a system, its acidity is stored in a buffer instead of being released into the solution. If base is added, some of the stored acidity is released, again negating the change. Ofcourse, every buffer has its capacity and stops working once it is reached. That is why you can notice that sometimes you add pH up/down and see little change, but then add just one more drop and suddenly see a radical change.