Hey, nice setup! It's a good size space and it's discreet.
As far as your questions go:
Assuming you have a safe, discreet area, and you have considered the ramifications of growing, growing them outside or not is up to you to decide. You can achieve the same results either way.
If you continue to grow them inside you will certainly need more light. Either a 400w HPS ($130) or more CFLs (~$70-$80), are the most probable in your situation.
Once you take them off 24/0 (vegetative) then you can put them on 12/12 and flower them. If you choose to grow them outside now then you will have to bring them inside as soon as it starts getting dark and put them under the light.
If you decide to start growing them outside in three weeks or so after vegging, then that would ideal. You could leave them outside and mother nature would take care of the light, ventilation, air-flow, etc.
Hope this helps, Good Luck with your grow.
Also ---
I notice that you have tin foil lining your space. Tin foil is OK, but can be spotty and isn't really ideal for growing. Mylar is what you want and it's just a role of metallic silver paper. You can get the real stuff at garden supply stores, etc, but you can also get wrapping paper that is two-sided and the back of it is metallic silver. I just use the wrapping paper stuff, I got 2 rolls for $2 at the dollar store. It is called poly-wrap wrapping paper. It's not hard to find.