The Democratic Party evolved from
Anti-Federalist factions that opposed the
fiscal policies of
Alexander Hamilton in the early 1790s.
Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison organized these factions into the
Democratic-Republican Party. The party favored states' rights and strict adherence to the Constitution; it opposed a national bank and wealthy, moneyed interests. The Democratic-Republican Party ascended to power in the
election of 1800. After the
War of 1812, the party's chief rival, the
Federalist Party disbanded. Democratic-Republicans split over the choice of a successor to President
James Monroe, and the party faction that supported many of the old Jeffersonian principles, led by
Andrew Jackson and
Martin Van Buren, became the Democratic Party. Along with the
Whig Party, the Democratic Party was the chief party in the United States until the Civil War. The Whigs were a commercial party, and usually less popular, if better financed. The Whigs divided over the slavery issue after the
Mexican–American War and faded away. In the 1850s, under the stress of the
Fugitive Slave Law and the
Kansas-Nebraska Act, anti-slavery Democrats left the party. Joining with former members of existing or dwindling parties, the
Republican Party emerged.