Cannabis is a survivor and everything a healthy plant does is meant to do one thing; Reproduce. In other words, make healthy mature seeds.
The fan leaves on a healthy plant will start to yellow when it nears EOL (end of life). Not because it's dying, but because it's living hard at that point. Its that last great sprint in the race. The plant will still feed on food in the soil, but it sees low hanging fruit in its own fan leaves for that extra horse power. So it starts cannibalizing itself in order to push flowering to the max. If you pay attention, you might notice a more intense fan leave yellowing and die off in seeded plants, while the colas and their sugar leaves stay alive and shine on.
Once you see the cola fan and sugar leaves start to get hit even a bit, it's time to get medieval and totally defoliate the plant. Take everything other than small cola fan and sugar leaves. (But you can absolutely defoliate inner and shade leaves anytime.) With the fan leaves gone, the plant will give a final push to mature the flowers. At this point, 95-100% of white pistils have shriveled up. But it's not time to harvest just yet, that last great heave-ho from the plant will force the calyxes to swell. Most home growers never see the swelling because they harvest too soon. That said, it doesn't matter much to most people. But if you want to see it in action, next time you harvest, take a picture of a small bud you intent to harvest, and leave one small bud on a lower branch to continue living. Take a picture of it a week or two later. You'll see a huge difference in the structure.
A swollen calyx may have a tine green ball inside. Most people wrongly assume the plant was pollinated late by errant pollen.
But this is all academic, and you can defoliate and harvest whenever you like. Most harvest based on the color of the trichomes and never defoliate. But any clear trichomes are still CBGA with zero THCA or CBDA. A good experiment is to harvest and roll that fat little left over bud you let mature and compare the high.
If you're worried about letting your plant go too long, think of this:
How many times have you heard someone say "
This was harvested too late."
Peace