wietefras
Well-Known Member
1000W double ended HPS fixtures are designed a 5x5 tent. Putting them in 4x4 is a waste. You really don't need twice the HPS DE wattage to get the same yield as from Cree leds. 20 to 30% more is enough (or rather 20-30% less led wattage). In a proper growing environment with reflective walls at least, but if you don't have that, investing in reflective walls would also easily increase your yield by 20 to 30% and should be the first step you take anyway.Important points you raise. The reason I suggest 2000W HPS in a 4X8 is to make the point, to match the yield of 1000W CREE COB, that is what it would take to get the job done.
This is how I figured the waste heat for a pair of Gavita 1000W DE:
2105W power draw, 105W ballast heat
2000W bulb dissipation @ 40% = 800W light, 1200W heat
800W light - 20% reflector loss = 640W light, 160W heat
640W light - 5% wall loss = 608W light, 32W heat
Total waste heat = 1497 Watts
For the COB setup:
1052W power draw, 52W driver heat
1000W dissipation @ 56.3% = 563W light, 437W heat
563W light - 10% lens/reflector/wall loss = 507W light, 56W heat
Total waste heat = 545 Watts
The 2.07umol/s/W figure sometimes mentioned by Jair/Whazzup/Gavita is probably including photons outside of the PAR range. In April 2014 Bruce Bugbee tested both the Gavita Pro and Epap lamps at 1.7umol/s/W, in an integrating sphere with ballast losses included, putting output of the 1000W DE bulb at 1.79/umol/s/W or 38.4% efficient (initial). The CXB3590 3500K CD @50W is ~2.62umol/s/W from 400-700nm or 56.3% efficient.
The reason I mention the annual DE bulb and reflector change, that is the recommendation of Jair from Gavita. He says loss of 3-5% every year. I have never tested the degradation of a reflector myself, but it does make sense, the bulb very much depends on the reflector to get light to the canopy (60-70%). So any dust or film that accumulates on the reflector will have a very significant impact on PPFD. That is why Gavita designed with a relatively cheap reflector and supposedly it is a very quick job to swap it out.
Jair interview on Adam Dunn show starts at about 1:02:00
The latest DE bulbs give 2100umol/s. Gavita and Philips measure those bulbs in an Ulbricht sphere. I've seen their sphere for bulb testing and they were setting up spheres for testing full fixtures at the time. The 20% fixture reflector losses you use are based on the difference between that 2100umol/s figure versus the 1814umol/s from that Bruce Bugbee flat plane integration of the fixture and similar Ulbricht sphere measurements. So it's really more like 15% reflector+ballast losses (10% for the reflector and 5% for the ballast), but the bulb PAR figures are based on the regular 400-700Nm PAR range.
I also doubt the Mean Well efficiency figures. I noticed my 400W CXB3070 (1.4A) fixture draws 440W. That would be 10% loss instead of their claim of around 4 or 5% (185H-C1400).
Gavita do advise annual reflector changes, but light losses on Philips DE bulbs are rated at 2% after 4.000 hours and 4% after 8.000 hours. So that's after 1 full year continuous 12/12 and 2 years. Bulb replacements generally happen at 10% light loss. When it deprecates that slowly they might do it more often, but there is no need to do it every year.
A more realistic example would be:
Gavita 1000W DE
1053W power draw, 53W ballast heat
1000W bulb dissipation @ 45% = 450W light, 550W heat
450W light - 10% reflector loss = 405W light, 45W heat
405W light - 5% wall loss = 385W light, 20W heat
Total waste heat = 668 Watts
Cree COB:
852W power draw, 75W driver heat
750W dissipation @ 56.3% = 422W light, 328W heat
422W light - 10% lens/reflector/wall loss = 380W light, 42W heat
Total waste heat = 445 Watts
The question then is if you can make back the 5 to 10 fold increase in price for led that the Bruce Bugbee report mentions, on a power saving of somewhere between $80 to $200 per year if you run a flowering room continuously. Or DIY and make back "only" triple the price (not counting your own hours).
I just enjoy the ease of use of growing with these Cree's and don't mind paying a bit extra. Even in the long run. I doubt I will even be running the same fixture in "the long run".