Question

Could a seedling planted outside right now yield anything if its female.

Why wouldn't it? Depending on where you are, right now is prime planting season.

might depend on your geographical location

The prob with outdoor growing is whether the plant has enough time from when it starts flowering to the first frost - frost equals dead plant. That typically has only one issue in regard to when you plant it. The issue is if the plant is mature enough to flower when the sun/dark gets to 12/12.
You should be good to go, good luck.