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But if you point it up, the plant will grow downward, into the soil and you won't be able to harvest the THC.

55%

Until the inside becomes mushy, which is a little over a week.

I like dry ice too. The color is nice.

Down.

Almost everyone over-complicates the drying/curing process. There's no such thing as drying for too long, but it's easy to screw things up by putting into jars too early.

I like leds.

When a manufacturer boasts PPFD, they tend to be focusing the output in a very small area.

PPFD is what matters to plants, but when you're talking about lamps, PPF is the number that matters. Like I said, PPF can be spread out in different ways to get different ppfd, but it's the total (ppf) that matters to the buyer of a lamp.

You should never trust any lamp manufacturer that advertises PPFD as a key point. When buying a lamp, it's PPF that matters (total output). That PPF can be distributed any way the grower wants. Raising a lamp will lower intensity, but will also cover a larger area. What you're saying about...

Using side lighting might make your 1k LED in a 4v4 project viable. I'm not an expert in side lighting ,but in general, a higher ppfd would support taller plants. Distributing the light from the sides would prevent the canopy from burning while allowing taller plants.

I didn't make the calculation at a given height. Average ppfd is just ppf divided by area. 500W of PAR * 4.9 = 2450umol/s of ppf output by the lamp. Divide that by 1.48645m^2 and you get 1648umol/s/m^2

Doing some rough calculations, 1000W of anything above 50% efficiency would be putting over 1650μmol/m2/s average ppfd in a 4x4 assuming a QER of 4.9.

If you put 1000W of good LED, for example, in a 4x4, you'd burn the shit out of your plants.

You like it when all your leaves turn yellow and fall off before your buds are ripe?

Some mix of mono-potassium phosphate and potassium hydroxide will get you there, but it will be basic. Honestly, I wouldn't worry about finding this "P+K" product, but having monopotassium phosphate and potassium hydroxide separately will probably come in handy.

Some companies make "hard water" formulas that have slightly less calcium nitrate for this exact reason. Even if you have very hard water, you're still going to need a lot of calcium nitrate, but dial in with slightly less. In fact, my own mix is a hard water mix.

The nitrates from nitric acid will cause the carbonates to turn into carbon dioxide which will leave the solution. Yes the nitrates are available to the plant. EC is affected by pH, so it's possible.

Cal-mag is just a marketing tool.

I don't use it because the plant doesn't use it. I've never heard of a silicon deficiency before. I'm convinced the people using it are noticing the effects from adding more K. I'd rather KISS and get that K from KNO3 and KH2PO4 since NO3- and H2PO4- are actually things the plant needs..