Obviously it has, but not in a systematic way.
The real question is how to equitably address the issue.
Imo any corrective measure that focuses on composites and not individuals causes at least as many problems as it addresses.
Consider Affirmative Action, a program that expressly battles the racist legacy by granting minorities a codified advantage. The program is predicated on raw demographics, because anything more complex would be impossible to administer. But it strikes me as fundamentally unfair if left to continue indefinitely. At some point, the issue that Affirmative Action sought to correct will have gone away through the ordinary operation of individuals (regardless of race, creed, sex) struggling to tear off their own personal piece of the American Dream, or what's left of it. What provision is there in the program to end it then?
It's a difficult question, and I don't want to step on any part of my anatomy simply because I am trying to develop something fair from first principles, paramount among which is equal opportunity for every adult American. (Adult because i am thinking job/career. Schooling is best treated separately.) And it is difficult to discuss hard topics without convincing someone that I have a racist streak. But I don't want to propagate cowardice either by not taking the topic on.
At some point, we all as individuals within society need to grow up, stop the handwringing about the generation of our grandparents, and look forward to seeking our own fortunes. Institutional racism hinders this, and so, I fear, does institutional hyperawareness of race sustained by a simplistic quota system. There's gotta be a way to battle both without hiding a return to status quo ante under the guise of egalitarianism, becsause I do not doubt that some have that agenda ... but not I. cn